3D printing is one of the most convenient manufacturing processes used in a selection of applications. It has proven incredibly beneficial for everything from rapid prototyping to medical devices, toys, and much more.

When it comes to planning and designing a 3D printing project, one of the most crucial considerations is whether to choose PLA or ABS filament.

PLA and ABS filaments are the most commonly used 3D printing materials available in the market. Even the best 3D printing services worldwide use PLA or ABS filaments to deliver 3D-printed objects. Now, the question is which one you should choose for your next 3D-printing project.

Printing With Polylactic Acid (PLA)

PLA (polylactic acid) is a thermoplastic derived from renewable sources such as cornstarch or sugarcane. The compound is also biodegradable under the right conditions. Due to its versatility, this bioplastic is used in various applications, from plastic cups to medical implants.

Compared to other filament materials in 3D printers, PLA is more cost-efficient and offers high-quality components with relatively smooth surface finishes. This easy-to-print compound also increases stiffness compared to ABS and other materials like nylon. However, it does not handle high temperatures or significant stress very well. Thus, PLA is perfect for prototypes that won’t be subject to excessive heat or mechanical stress, as well as decorative items.

Printing With Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) is another common thermoplastic used predominantly in 3D printing, especially in injection molding. Some of the most common applications of ABS include toys like LEGO bricks, housings for electronics, household appliances, automotive parts, and more.

Compared to PLA, ABS has superior mechanical properties, is lighter, and is more durable. Objects made from ABS are also resistant to impact to a certain degree. However, it is harder to print using ABS, and the compound often requires higher temperatures for effective printing. While the material can deflect heat more efficiently than PLA, it is not entirely heat resistant. Also, the compound produces strong odors during the manufacturing process.

PLA vs. ABS: Which One Should You Choose?

Even though these two compounds are used primarily for 3D printing projects, PLA and ABS differ in several ways.

Usability: Due to its lower printing temperature, PLA is easier to print with and less likely to warp. PLA allows you to print sharper corners and finer features than ABS.

Strength: PLA and ABS have similar tensile strengths, making them solid options for various prototyping applications. However, designers and engineers often prefer ABS due to its improved ductility. ABS also has higher flexural strength and better elongation before breaking than PLA.

Printing Speed: Both PLA and ABS print at nearly the same speed. PLA prints at 60 mm/s, which is considered standard, even though some operators have printed at over 150 mm/s. With ABS, operators use a 40-60 mm/s speed for better results.

Surface Finishes: PLA generally produces a glossier finish, while ABS typically prints in a matte finish.

Heat Resistance: If you want the printed objects to operate in higher temperatures, ABS is a better choice than PLA. PLA loses its structural integrity rapidly and begins to droop and deform as it approaches 60°C.

Sustainability: PLA is considered stable in general atmospheric conditions. However, it will biodegrade within 50 days in industrial composters and 48 months in water. ABS, on the other hand, is not biodegradable, but you can recycle it. Due to its biodegradable nature, PLA is used to produce items related to food service.

Conclusion

As you may realize, it is challenging to infer whether PLA is a better 3D printing material than ABS or vice versa. After comparing these two materials, it is safe to say they can both be great choices. However, it is crucial to have a clear idea about how you want to use the printed object before you make the choice. Additionally, if you are not entirely sold on which way to go, reaching out to 3D printing service professionals is recommended. They can guide you about the best material selections based on your needs and project.